Alternating-current magnet.



A. SIMON. ALTERNATING CURRENT MAGNET.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 8, 1906. 969,809.

2 SHEETS-SEEET l.

JJAAH a [Kl/J,

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

A. SIMON. ALTERNATIN G CURRENT MAGNET. APPLICATION FILED OUT. 8, 1906.

969,809, Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

a 2 SHEETBBHEET 2.

ject of the Em SIMON, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR. TO THE CUTLER-HAMMER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, WISCONSIN.

0F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF ALTERNATIN G-CURREN T MAGNET.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

Application filed October 8, 1906. Serial No. 338,005.

To all whom it mag concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR SIMON, suberor of Germany, residing at Milwaukee, 1n the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented new and useful Improvements in Alternating- CurrentMagnets, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, tion, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, form1ng a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in alternating current magnets.

My invention has for its object to produce an alternating exert suflicient minimum pull to keep its armature firmly sealed andin which the center of pull upon the armaturewill remain substantially stationary.

According to my invention in its preferred form, the magnet is provided with a magnet frame and an armature with which is associated a plurality .of windings that produce magnetic fluxes of different phase. The resultant minimum pull of these windings is suflicient to keep the armature firmly sealed to the magnet frame. frame and the armature conjointly form circuits or paths for the magnetic fluxes.

When the magnet frame and the armature are apart the magnetic circuit of each phase is provided with an air gap, and these air gaps completely separate all parts of said armature from said frame. The circuits or pathsfor the fluxes and the air gaps in said paths, are symmetrical to a common axis so as to distribute the magnetic fluxes symmetrically about a common central line or axis, thereby causing the center of pull upon the armature to remain stationary. Moreover these paths are in the same plane so that the plane of the fluxes does not shift. Inasmuch as the minimum resultant pull of the windings is suflicient to keep the armature firmly sealed to the magnet frame, the fluxes remain in the same plane and the center of pull remains stationary, the annature will not vibrate or chatter in any way.

The terms magnet and electromagnet as used herem are intended to comprehend solenoids as well as other forms of electro-ma nets. Also, the term armature applles to any member or part that is attracted by the magnet.

In order to explain my invention I have and exact descripcurrent magnet which will Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is The magnet a side view t ereof. F 3 view on the line 33 of ig. 2, showing one the coils to an alternatway of connectin Fig. 4 shows another ing current circuit. way of connectin the coils to an alternat ing current circu t. Fi 5 is a sectional elevation of one modifle form of my electromagnet, the section being taken on the line 55 of Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is aside elevation of the magnet illustrated in Fi 5. Fig. 7 is an elevation of another moified form of my electromagnet, and Fig. 8 is a side view thereof.

The electromagnet which is illustrated in provided with two coils, or windin s, 1 and 2, which are preferably arranged in substantiall axial alinement. These coils are energize by an alternating current, and produce magnetic fluxes of different hase. These coils are preferably mounte in a laminated magnet frame which is formed with side pieces 3, a top piece 4 and central cross piece 5. Below the ower extremities of the side pieces 3 is arranged an armature 6, substantially parallel to the top piece 4 and cross piece 5. Of course, the magnet frame and the armature may be made in various forms, according to the structure of the magnet. The armature is provided with u ward extension or plunger 7 which exten s through the coils l and 2 and passes through the cross piece 5. Between the cross piece and the core piece there is only suflicient mechanical clearance to allow the plunger to move freely. The coil 1 is surrounded by the upper portions of the side pieces 3, the top piece 4 and the cross piece 5. The coil 2 is surrounded by the lower portions of the side pieces 3, the cross piece 5 and the armature 6.

The magnet frame and the armature form two circuits or paths for the magnetic fluxes in the same plane, one for each coil. When the armature is separated from the magnet frame as shown in Fig. 1, an air gap is interposed in the magnetic circuit of each coil,

a eeaeog the air gap in the magnetic circuit of the coil 1 being arranged between the top of the plunger 7 and the top piece 4, and the air gap of the coil 2 being arranged between the lower extremities of the side pieces 3 and the armature 6. These air gaps completely separate the armature from the magnet frame. When the armature is sealed to the ma et frame, the air gaps are practically eliminated, the armature being in engagement with the lower extremities of the side pieces, the top of the plunger 7 being in engagement with the top piece 4.

The coils l and 2 may be wound upon tubes of nonmagnetic material 8 between insulating disks 9.

The magnetic circuits or paths for the fluxes of the coils l and 2 and the air gaps in these circuits are arranged symmetrically to a common axis so as to distribute the v magnetic fluxes symmetrically about a compieces 3 and the armature 6, back to said plunger. The magnetic fluxes are thus distributed in the same plane and symmetrically to a common center line or axis a, a. Fig. 3, thereby causing the center of pull upon the armature to remain stationary.

The manner in which the coils 1 and 2 ,may be connected to a three-phase alternating current circuit. is illustrated in Fig. 3.

The circuit is provided with mains, 10, 11 and 12. One terminal of the coil '1 is connected to the main 10 and one terminal of the coil 2 is connected to the main 12, while the other terminal of each of said coils is connected to the main 11. The coils are thus ener "zed by currents of different phase, an accordingly magnetic fluxes ofdifferent phaseare produced. The minimum value of the resultant pull of the windings is therefore always above zero, and it is sufficient to keep the armature firmly sealed to the magnet frame. It will be understood that the coils may be connected to a circuit of any number of phases so lon as the same produce magnetic fluxes of difl'erent' hase.

Fig. 4 exemplifies the way the winding may be made to produce fluxes of different phase if connected to a single phase alternatin current circuit onto one phase of a polyp ase alternating current circuit. I

ave illustrated a single phase circuit, across which both windings are connected. The

phase of the current in one or the other of the coils may be either advanced or retarded by any suitable means. The drawing shows an inductance R, for retarding the phase of the current in the coil 2.

Another form of my electromagnet 1s illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. It is provided with three coils 13, 14 and 15 which are arranged in substantially axial alinement. The coils 13, 14 and 15 are mounted upon a magnet frame which may be considered as having three parts, one for each coil. The part for the coil 13 is provided with a top piece 16 and side pieces 17, 17 and a core or center piece 18, the coil 13 being arranged around said core piece. The part for the coil 14 is provided with a top piece 19, side pieces 20, and a core or center .piece21, the coil being arranged around said core piece. The part for the coil 15 is provided with a top piece 22, side pieces 23, and a core or center piece 24, said coil being arranged around said core piece. The several parts of the frame are preferably arranged one within the other, the core or center pieces 18, 21- and 24 being arranged in alinement and suitably connected so as to join the several parts of the. frame together. The three parts of the frame are preferably made in separate pieces, and then fastened together, so that the coils may be readily placed in position. It will be understood that the frame may assume other forms than that illustrated. The lower extremities of the side pieces, 17, 20 and 23, of the several parts of the frame are preferably arranged in horizontal alinement. The magnet is provided with an armature 25 which is adapted to engage these extremities. The armature and the magnetic frame form 011- cuits or paths for the magnetic fluxes, one for each coil, as shall be hereinafter described. When the armature is separated from the magnet frame as shown in Fig. 5, an airgap is interposed in the magnetic circuit of each coil, the several air gaps being arranged between the armature 25 and the lower extremities of the side pieces, of the several parts of the frame. These air gaps completely separate the armature from the magnet frame. The paths or circuits for the magnetic fluxes and the airgaps of these circuits are arranged symmetrical to a common axis and in the same plane so as to distribute the magnetic fluxes symmetrically about a common center line or axis in the manner which is hereinafter described. The magnetic circuit of the coil 13 extends through the core 18, the top piece 16, the

side pieces 17 armature 25, core pieces 24 side pieces 23, and armature 25. These magnetic circuits distribute the magnetic fluxes and in the same plane and symmetrically about the common center line or axis a, a, Fig. 5, and accordingly the center of pull upon the armature remains substan-v tially stationary. The preferred manner of connecting the coils 13, 14 and 15 in circult is illustrated in Fig. 5. The circuit is provided with mains 26, 27, and 28. The coil 13 is connected between the main 23 and the main 26, the coil 14 is connected between the main 28 and the main 27 and the coil 15 is connected between the main 27 and the of different phase in the same plane and symmetricallyabout a common axis. The magnet frame is provided with a top piece 29, fromwhich extend inner core-pieces 30, 31, and outer core pieces 32, 33. The corepieces extend downwardly from the top piece and below the same is arranged an armature 34. The core pieces 30 and 31 are surrounded by coils 35 and 36 respectively, and the core pieces 32 and 33 are surrounded by coils 37 and 38 respectively. The coils 35 and 36 are connected in series with each other as are the coils 37 and 38. The former produce a flux of one phase, and the latter a flux of another phase. The flux ,of the coils 35 and 36 flows principally around a path or circuit formed by the top piece 29, core piece 30, armature 34, and core-piece 31; and the flux of the coils 37 and 38 flows principally around a path formed by the top piece 29 core piece 32, armature 34 and core piece 33. The fluxes of-difl'erent phase 'are thus distributed in the same plane symmetrically to the common axis a, a, Fig. 7.

The several forms of magnet that I have described will illustrate the various features of my invention, and serve to show the variety of ways in which my invention may be embodied.

Having thus described my invention, which I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an alternating current magnet, in combination means for producing fluxes of different phase and means for distributing the fluxes symmetrical to a common axis and in the same plane.

2. In an alternating current magnet, in

combination a plurality of coils for producing magnetic fluxes of difi'erent phase, means formlng magnet1c circuits or paths for said fluxes in the same plane, said paths: being adapted to distribute the fluxes symmetrically about a common axis.

3. In an alternating current magnet, in combination, a plurality of coils adapted to produce magnetic fluxes of different phase and paths for said fluxes arranged symmetrical y about a common axis in the same plane.

4. In an alternating current magnet, a plurality of coils for producing magnetic axes of different phase, paths for said fluxes arranged in the same plane, each path being provided with an airgap and said paths and said airgaps being arranged symmetrical to a common axis.

5. In an alteratin current magnet, in combination a plurality of coils adapted to produce magnetic fluxes of differentbase, a magnet frame, and an armature a apted to be attracted to said frame, said frame and said armature forming paths for said fluxes and said paths being arranged in the same plane and symmetrical to a common axis.

6. In an alternating current magnet, a pluralityof coils arranged in substantially axial ahnement and ada ted to be connected across different phases 0 an alte ating current circuit and means for rosihing magnetic circuits for said cois in the same plane.

7. In an alternating current magnet, in combination a plurality of coils arranged in substantially axial alinement, a magnetic frame forming magnetic circuits for said coils in the same plane.

8. In an alternating current magnet, in combination a plurality of coils adapted to produce magnetic fluxes of different phase and arranged in substantially axial alinement, and a magnetic frame and armature forming a magnetic circuit for each coil, each magnetic circuit being provided with an airgap when the armature is separated from the frame.

9. In an alternating current magnet, in combination a magnetic frame, an armature, a plurality of coils adapted to produce magnetic fluxes of different phase mounted upon said frame and arranged in substantially axial alinement, said frame and said armature being so formed as to provide a plurality of magnetic circuits, one for each coil and each circuit being provided with an airga arranged between said armature and said rame when said armature is separated from said frame.

10. In an alternating current magnet, in

combination, a plurality of alternating current windings arranged in substantially axial alinement, a magnet frame and movable armature forming a magnetic circuit Y tendin &

netic uxes of di erent phase to magnetically attract said armature in the same direction.

- 11. In an alternating current magnet, in combination, a plurality of coils adapted to produce magnetic fluxes of different phase arranged in substantially axial alinement, a ma netic frame having said coils carried thereE an armature and a core piece exthrou h said coils. 12. 11 an a ternating current magnet in combination a plurality of coils arranged in substantially axial alinement, a magnetic frame having parts thereof extending around said coils, and an armature having an extension or i core piece extending through said coils, an airgap being interosed in the magnetic circuits of said coils Between said armature and said frame and said extension and said frame when said armature is se arated from said frame.

13. In an a ternating current magnet, in combination a plurality of coils arranged in substantially axial alinement, a magnetic frame having side pieces, a top piece and a cross piece, and an armature having a core piece extending through said coils. one coil being surrounded by said top piece, said side pieces and said cross piece, and the other coil being surrounded by said cross piece, said side pieces, and said armature.

14. In an alternating current magnet, in combination a plurality of coils adapted to produce magnetic fluxes of different phase and arranged in substantial axial alinement-, and a magnet frame and armature formin suitable paths for said fluxes, one for eac flux.

15. In an alternating current magnet, in combination, a plurality of coils adapted'to produce fluxes of different phase and arranged in substantial axial alinement, and a magnet frame and armature forming paths or said fluxes, one for each flux, said armature and said frame being so formed as to distribute said fluxes symmetrically about a common axis and in the same plane.

16. An alternating current magnet comprising an armature, a frame, and means or producing magnetic fluxes of different phase, arranged symmetrically about a common axis in the same plane, the armature and frame of said magnetbeing so formed that when the former is separated from thelatter air (gaps symmetrical to said axis are introduce in the ma netic circuits of said electro-magnet where y symmetrical pulls' are exerted by said fluxes between said frame and said armature.

17. In an alternating current magnet, in combination a plurality of coils for producing magnetic fluxes of diflerent hase, a frame and armature forming circuits or paths for Said fluxes, one for each flux, said paths being arranged symmetrically about a common axis in the same plane and said magnet having, when deenergized, suitable air gaps arranged symmetrically about said axis whereby symmetrical pulls are exerted by said fluxes between said frame and said armature.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two 

